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Wednesday, December 21, 2016

কলকাতার অলিগলি

কলকাতার অলিগলি

Sunday, July 10, 2016

"Airlines To Boeing: 'Get Moving' On Middle Of The Market Aircraft"


Airlines around the world are eager to buy a new commercial middle-of-the-market (MOM) aircraft that Boeing is considering building, and views in the industry are crystallizing on what it should look like.
Nearly 90% of 507 airlines and air cargo operators responding to an Aviation Week–Bank of America Merrill Lynch survey confirm they would be interested in buying a new MOM jet, and most of those airlines say they would want it before 2023. Boeing’s studies have assumed a service entry of 2024–25.

“There really is demand for this airplane,” says Ronald J. Epstein, Merrill’s senor U.S. aerospace analyst. The message to Boeing, he says, is: “Get moving.”
The survey responses provide clues to what the U.S. airframer is hearing as it talks with customers about an optimal design for the MOM jet. On the question of narrowbody versus widebody aircraft, 60% of respondents said they would consider a twin-aisle widebody jet—which would allow faster boarding and unloading of passengers—as long as it was compatible with existing airport infrastructure. Almost half of respondents would prefer an aircraft sized at 150–199 seats, with another 27% favoring 200–249 seats.
Respondents were more divided on the range they would like to see in a new MOM aircraft, with 23% favoring 4,000–5,000 nm, 25% favoring 3,000–4,000 nm, and 24% favoring 2,000–3,000 nm range. That varied interest “suggests to us that perhaps a multi-product family could be a possible solution,” Epstein and his team wrote in a July 8 research note to clients.

Not surprisingly, 69% of respondents would prefer a composite carbon-fiber fuselage over aluminum, and 74% want composite wings and empennage. But there is also a limit to how much they are willing to spend: Sixty-two percent of airlines say they would not pay more than $72 million for the jet. Epstein estimates that translates into a list price of $140–150 million. “For this kind of airplane, that seems about right,” he says.
Epstein says the need to keep costs under control—particularly if Boeing opts for a widebody jet, which would have higher per-seat costs—might require a mix of old and new technologies, such as an aluminum fuselage paired with carbon fiber wings. “They’re going to have to make trade-offs,” he says. “If you can’t do it affordably, what’s the point?”
Teal Group analyst Richard Aboulafia, who was not involved in the survey but reviewed its results, says the level of interest in a MOM aircraft is impressive, but questions whether it has an expiration date.
“A lot of the enthusiasm comes from people who really want a [Boeing] 757/767 replacement,” he says. “But we’ve looked at the issue closely, and Boeing really can’t get this kind of thing to market much before 2025. It’s still worth doing, but some of this enthusiasm might diminish by then.”
Among other survey results:
•Eighty-three percent of respondents say they would remain interested in a MOM aircraft, even if oil prices stayed below $70 per barrel.
•About three-quarters express a need for cargo capacity similar to the Boeing 757.
•More than 80% say having a dual-sourced engine with a “power-by-the-hour” program was very important or somewhat important.
•Fifteen percent would use a MOM jet for domestic flights, 30% would for international flights, and 55% would use it for a mix of both.
Questions for the survey were developed jointly by Bank of America Merrill Lynch and Aviation Week. Penton Research, the research arm of Penton, Aviation Week’s parent company, conducted the online survey of members of the Aviation Week database June 9–30. Raw data were then independently scrutinized by Bank of America Merrill Lynch analysts.
Boeing officials have indicated they would decide by the first part of 2017 whether to move forward with development of a MOM airliner. Epstein cautions that if the company dithers, rival Airbus—which will see its R&D expenses tail off as the A350 program matures—could pounce.
“As the A350 [program] starts wrapping up, Airbus doesn’t have anything else in the pipeline,” he says. “If there’s a real market out there, why not? They make airplanes, too.”

Courtesy: aviationweek.com  

Friday, June 3, 2016

বেড়ানোর পূর্বপ্রস্তুতি। একটু চোঁখ বুলিয়ে নিন


travel

আপনি ঘুরে বেড়াতে খুব পছন্দ করেন, তাই তো? আর আপনার আনন্দের এই ভ্রমন মাটি হয়ে যেতে পারে যেকোন মূহুর্তে। যেকোন বিষয় এদিক-সেদিক হয়ে যেতেই পারে আপনার চোখের সামনেই। ব্যাস হয়ে গেলো সব পন্ড। তাই ভ্রমন শুরু করার আগেই আপনাকে কিছু পরিকল্পনা করে নিতে হবে। এই পরিকল্পনা বিষয়ে আপনাদের জন্য রইলো কিছু পরামর্শ।
  • বেড়াতে যাওয়ার আগেই ভ্রমণসংক্রান্ত কাগজপত্র ভালোভাবে পড়ে ফেলুন। যেখানে যাবেন, সেই জায়গা সম্বন্ধে খুব ভালোভাবে খোঁজখবর নিন। সেখানকার আবহাওয়া সম্পর্কে জেনে নিন। থাকার হোটেল বা রিসোর্ট নির্বাচন করে আগে থেকে বুকিং দিন।
  • আপনার যদি আড্ডা দিতে খুব ভালো লাগে এবং দল বেঁধে ঘুরতে পছন্দ করেন, তাহলে বিভিন্ন ধরনের ট্রাভেল ফোরামে যোগ দিতে পারেন। এতে একা ভ্রমণের ঝুঁকি কমে। আর ভ্রমণে বেরুনোর আগে জায়গাটি সম্পর্কে প্রাথমিক ধারণা পেতে TripAdvisor.com, Fodors.com, Frommers.com এবং LonelyPlanet.com- এসব ওয়েবসাইটগুলো ঘুরে দেখতে পারেন।
  • ভ্রমণে যাওয়ার বিষয়ে ফেসবুক, টুইটার, ব্লগে স্ট্যাটাস দিয়ে দিন। এর ফলে সবাইকে শুধু বিষয়টি জানানোই হবে না, ওই এলাকায় আপনার কোনো বন্ধু থাকলে প্রয়োজনে আপনি তার সাহায্য নিতে পারবেন।
  • যে জায়গায় যাচ্ছেন, চেষ্টা করুন সেখানকার স্থানীয়দের সঙ্গে যোগাযোগ করতে। ফলে পরিবেশটি সম্বন্ধে অনেক কিছু জেনে নিতে পারবেন।
  • ভ্রমণের সময় চাকাযুক্ত ব্যাগ ব্যবহার করলে ভালো হয়। কারণ এটি বহন করতে সহজ এবং কম কষ্টকর।
  • একটি কাগজে নাম, ঠিকানা ও ফোন নম্বর লিখে লাগেজের ভেতর সেঁটে রাখুন। যাঁরা ভ্রমণে যাচ্ছেন, তাঁদের প্রত্যেক সদস্যের নাম, ঠিকানা, ফোন নম্বরসহ জরুরি তথ্য কাগজে লিখে রাখুন।
  • প্রয়োজনীয় ওষুধ, গজ, ব্যান্ডেজ, জীবাণুনাশক মলম ইত্যাদি নিতে ভুলবেন না। সঙ্গে নেওয়া এসব ওষুধপত্রের একটি তালিকা আগেভাগেই তৈরি করে রাখতে পারেন।
  • পাসপোর্টের একটি ফটোকপি সব সময় হাতের কাছে রাখুন। ফ্লাইটের টিকিট, ট্রাভেল ভিসা সঙ্গে রাখুন।
  • ছোট নোটপ্যাড ও কলম সঙ্গে রাখুন। সঙ্গে ক্যামেরা নিতে ভুলবেন না।
    একটি জিপলক ব্যাগ ব্যবহার করুন, যাতে করে পানি এবং বিভিন্ন টয়লেটসামগ্রী সঙ্গে নিতে পারেন।
  • যাত্রা শুরুর সময় মালপত্রের একটি তালিকা তৈরি করুন এবং শেষবারের মতো দেখে নিন সব ঠিকঠাক আছে কি না।
  • বেশি পোশাক নিয়ে ব্যাগ ভারী না করাই ভালো। যেখানে যাচ্ছেন সেই জায়গার আবহাওয়া সম্বন্ধে জেনে নিয়ে শীত পোশাক বা গরমের পোশাক নিয়ে নিন। সঙ্গে প্রয়োজনীয় প্রসাধনী রাখুন। সানস্কিন লোশন, সানব্লক ইত্যাদি সঙ্গে রাখুন।
  • বিমানে ভ্রমণের ক্ষেত্রে বিমানবন্দরে পৌঁছে বোর্ডিং পাস নিয়ে নিন। বিমানে বসে অবশ্যই প্রথম কাজ হবে সিটবেল্ট বেঁধে নেওয়া। অক্সিজেন মাস্ক কোথায় রাখা আছে এবং কীভাবে ব্যবহার করতে হবে বিমানবালার কাছ থেকে জেনে নিন।
  • বিমান উড্ডয়নের সময় একটু ঝাঁকি দেয়। এ সময় নিম্ন রক্তচাপের রোগী হলে একটু সমস্যা হতে পারে। এ ক্ষেত্রে আসনে হেলান দিয়ে চোখ বন্ধ করে রাখতে পারেন।
  • বিমানে সুযোগ থাকলে আগমন/নির্গমন ফরম পূরণ করে ফেলতে পারেন।
  • বিমানে ধূমপান করার চেষ্টা করবেন না এবং পানীয় গ্রহণে মাত্রা ছাড়াবেন না।
  • যে কোনো যানবাহন থেকে নামার সময় কোনো মালপত্র ফেলে গেলেন কি না সেদিকে খেয়াল রাখুন। নামার সময় তাড়াহুড়ো করবেন না।

Sunday, May 24, 2015

"SECOND WORLD WAR"

World War II (WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War (after the recent Great War), was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, though related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (during which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (during which approximately one million people were killed, including the use of two nuclear weapons in combat), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.



The Empire of Japan aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific and was already at war with the Republic of China in 1937, but the world war is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance withItaly and Japan. Following the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, PolandFinlandRomania and the Baltic states. The United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth were the only Allied forces continuing the fight against the Axis, with campaigns in North Africa and the Horn of Africa as well as the long-running Battle of the Atlantic. In June 1941, the European Axis powers launched an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the largest land theatre of war in history, which trapped the major part of the Axis' military forces into a war of attrition. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European territories in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific.

The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, and Germany was defeated in North Africa and then, decisively, at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. In 1943, with a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasion of Italy which brought about Italian surrender, and Allied victories in the Pacific, the Axis lost the initiative and undertook strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands.

The war in Europe ended with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet and Polish troops and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945, the United tates dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August respectively. With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent, the possibility of additional atomic bombings, and the Soviet Union's declaration of war on Japan and invasion of Manchuria,Japan surrendered on 15 August 1945. Thus ended the war in Asia, and the final destruction of the Axis bloc.

World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world. The United Nations (UN) was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, and France—became the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia and Africa began. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities and to create a common identity.

Sunday, April 5, 2015

"অদ্ভুত তরমুজ"




তরমুজ একটি সুস্বাদু ফল।এমন কোন মানুষ খুঁজে পাওয়া যাবে না যিনি গ্রীষ্মের খরতাপে তরমুজের রস আস্বাদন করেন নি।
এই তরমুজকে গোল অথবা ডিম্বাকৃতি দেখেই সবাই অভ্যস্ত, তাই না? কিন্তু হঠাৎ করে যদি শোনা যায় বর্গাকৃতির তরমুজের কথা তাহলে নিশ্চয় অবাক হয়ে যাব আমরা সবাই।



অবাক হলেও কিন্তু সত্যি সত্যি এমন তরমুজ পাওয়া যায়।জাপান এইরকম তরমুজ উৎপাদনে বিশ্বে সেরা।
চাষের সময় এখানে বিশেস একটি কাচের বর্গাকার বাক্সে তরমুজের গুঁটি ঢুকিয়ে দেয়া হয়।এইভাবে তরমুজটিকে বড় এবং পরিনত হতে দিলে সেটি একসময় এই বাক্সের আকৃতি লাভ করে।



সাধারনত একটার উপর আর একটি বর্গাকার তরমুজ ফ্রিজে সংরক্ষণ কিম্বা যানবাহনে পরিবহনে খুবই উপযোগী এবং স্থান সাশ্রয়ী হয়।

আর পরিবেশনেও গোল কিম্বা ডিম্বাকৃতির তরমুজের তুলনায় এই বর্গাকৃতির তরমুজ অনেক সহজ ও সুন্দর হয়।
আর এই কারনেই জাপান ছাড়িয়ে এই প্রক্রিয়ায় তরমুজের চাষ বিশ্বের বিভিন্ন প্রান্তে খুব দ্রুত ছড়িয়ে পড়ছে।



Friday, January 9, 2015



"History of Dakshineswar Kali Mondir"


Social Backdrop of Bengal
When India was still groping under the British rule trying hard to come to terms laid down by the English, the first wave of patriotism gripped the brave soldiers of Barrackpur, that shared the same river line where the Dakshineswar Temple would be built, led to the Sepoy Mutiny Revolt in 1857. Kolkata was the capital of the country and was then the second largest city of the British Empire only next to London. This new ardour of patriotic fervor soon spread amidst the important people of the city. Among them was the brave and deeply religious Rani Rashmoni who is one of the pioneers to silently revolt against the foreign rule.

Rani Rasmoni
Dakshineswar in the Early 1800s and Before
In the early 1800s, Dakshineswar was a small village along the eastern banks of the River Ganga. The picturesque details by J С Marshman in the January 1845 issue of Calcutta Review mentions “A little higher up we have the village of Dukhinsore, remarkable chiefly for the country seat, mapped down in the map of Hastie's Garden, but which has repeatedly changed hands during the last thirty years. To the north of it
Dakshineswar Kali Temple
lies the Powder Magazine. During the last four years which have elapsed since Joseph’s map was published, four elegant houses have sprung up to the south of the garden.”

Dense forest surrounded the area where the famous Dakshineswar temple stands today. It was 300 years back when Durgaprasad Roy Choudhury and Bhavaniprasad Roy Choudhury, members of the renowned Savarna Roy Choudhury family settled here. Yogindranath one of the successors of this family was an ardent devotee of Sri Ramakrishna who later was known as Swami Yogananda.

Rani Rashmoni, founder of the temple
The famous Dakshineswar temple which houses the Goddess Kali was founded by Rani Rashmoni following a dream she saw when she was about to start on her pilgrimage to Benaras. A long term plan of the Rani materialized which she had longed to perform when her husband died with unfulfilled wish of constructing a Kali temple.
A dynamic woman, Rani Rashmoni took over the administration of the enormous estate her husband left her. The benevolent administrator, Rani Rashmoni was always in conflict with the stringent British laws and policies. People honored her and loved her for her daring and benevolent spirit. Dakshineswar temple, bathing ghats, a way from Subarnarekha River to Puri, Imperial Library (present National Library) and Hindu College (present Presidency College) are the testimonials to her benevolent nature.

Expenditure on plot
The dream had moved the Rani intensely and she instructed her trusted people specially her youngest son-in law to look for plots to construct the Kali Temple. After a massive hunt for suitable plots, a 20-acred plot in the village of Dakshineswar was selected. The land resembled a hump of a tortoise. One part of this land belonged to a European Christian while the other part was a Muslim burial ground. The Rani began to construct this Hindu temple in 1847 on this very ground thus integrating different faiths. The Deed of endowment states “In order to fulfill his wish, on 6th September 1847 I purchased 54.4 bighas of land at the cost of Rs. 42 thousand and 500 from James Hasty. I made to build a puca Navaratna temple, twelve Shiva temples (twelve jyotirlingam), a Vishnu temple and a Natmandir on the land. On 31st May 1855 I placed luxminarayan Shila in the Navaratna temple as per the wish of my late husband and also for the welfare of his soul.” The deed was executed on 31st May 1855.

Swami Saradananda mentioned in the Lilaprasanga, 'It is recorded in the Endowment document that the land of the Kali temple complex is 60 bighas.' In the paper itself, we come across the fact that the plot calculated to 54 1/2 bighas, with the surroundings of the Ganges in west, the land of Kashinath Roy Choudhury in east and the constructions of John Hastie in south. Later a part of the plot was used for a railway line and for the Vivekananda Bridge. So the current sum of the land mass is around 58 bighas.

Installation of Ma Kali
The idols of the Gods and the Goddess was decided to be installed on the ‘snana-yatra day’, an auspicious days of the Hindus. 31st May 1855, more than 1 lakh Brahmins were invited from different parts of the country to grace the auspicious occasion amidst the controversy of the Rani being in no position to own a temple and to offer Brahmins to feed since she was of low birth.

Sri Sri Jagadiswari Kalimata Thakurani
Head priest selected
Rani Rashmoni being aware of the problem discussed in length with the pundits, but none could solve her problem. Only Ramkumar Chattopadhayay,Sri Ramakrishna's elder brother
suggested that dedicating the temple to a Brahmin could overcome the existing problem. 
The temple was dedicated in the name of Rani's Guru, and Ramkumar, was the head priest, who installed the idol of Kali in the new temple with a grand splendor on Thursday, 31st May, 1855. Many Intellectuals of shastras (scriptures), Brahmin pundits, and celebrated scholars arrived from distant places like Kashi, Orissa, and Navadvip.
Within a year he passed away leaving the entire responsibility to his younger brother, Ramakrishna, who during the subsequent thirty years became the seeker of the Goddess Kali and an ardent devotee who imbedded the seed of change in the socio-religious condition of Bengal and earned immense reputation for the Dakshineswar temple.
The exceptionally open-minded Rani wished that pilgrims of all casts and religions could offer prayers at the temple. Her dreams were fulfilled since irrespective of religion and castes Dakshineswar is thronged by millions of devotees and admired for its peaceful ambiance.

Handover the legacy to the temple trust
The Rani lived only for five years and nine months after the inauguration of the temple. She seriously fell ill in 1861. Realizing that death was approaching she decided to handover the property she purchased in Dinajput (now in Bangladesh) as a legacy for the maintenance of the temple to the temple trust. She accomplished her task on 18th February, 1861 and passed away on the subsequent day.
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